School Of Tourism, Hospitality And Events Management - 5775 Words

School Of Tourism, Hospitality And Events Management (Term Paper Sample) Content: MOI UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF TOURISM, HOSPITALITY AND EVENTS MANAGEMENTDEPARTMENT OF HOTELS AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENTCOURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO MARKETINGCOURSE CODE: BHM113SUBMITTED: MADAM SCHULZDATE OF SUBMISSION: 6TH JULY 2018GROUP MEMBERSNAME ADM.NO1. BONNIFACE K. CHERUIYOT BHM/O5/182. KEBOYA WELLINGTON IVAYO BHM/17/183. MBOKE MARTHA NYAWIRA BHM/30/184. MWAMBUI TERESIA KATHINA BHM/41/185. BRIAN OTIENO BHM/52/186. NELLY JEMUTAI BHM/1OO2/187.JOHN RIDGE MAKWATA BHM/56/171. Discuss both the internal and external factors that can affect a marketers ability to facilitate exchange.From the above statement it can be deduced that the internal and external factors that affect marketers ability to facilitate exchange is the marketing environment.Internal fa ctorsThis refers to factors existing within a marketing firm. They are also called controlled firm, because the company or the marketer has control over these factors. They are:Top management:Factors like the amount of support the top management enjoys from different levels of employees, shareholders and board of directors have important influence on the marketing decisions and their implementation.Finance and accounting: * Accounting refers to measure of revenue and costs to help the marketing and to know how well it is achieving its objectives. * Finance refers to funding and using funds to carry out the marketing plan.Financial factors are financial policies, financial position and capital structure. Therefore the financial position of the business (profitability, cash flow) directly affects the scope and scale or marketing activities.Research and development:It refers to designing the product safe and attractive to the taste of customers.Manufacturing:Its responsible for produci ng the desired quality and quantity of products. Marketers should check on the factors which influence the competitiveness of a firm are production capacity technology and efficiency of the productive apparatus, distribution logistics etc.Purchasing:Purchasing refers to the procurement of goods and services from some external agencies. It is the strategic activity of the business.Company image and brand equity:The image of the company refers in raising finance, forming joint ventures or other alliances soliciting marketing intermediaries, entering purchase sales contract, launching new products etc.Human resource:The quality and capacity of the workforce is a key factor in affecting marketing objectives. A motivated and well-trained workforce can deliver market-leading customer service and productivity to create a competitive marketing advantage.External factorsExternal factors are beyond the control of a firm; its success depends to a large extent on its adaptability to the environ ment.The external marketing environment consists of: * Macro environment * Micro environment * Micro environment: these are the environmental factors that are in its proximity. The factors influence the marketer non-capacity to produce and serve the market. The factors are:Supplier:Suppliers to a firm or a marketer can also alter its competitive position and market capabilities. These are raw material suppliers, energy suppliers, suppliers of labor and capital. For example;If the raw material suppliers fail to supply the materials required means that the marketer wont be able to manufacture his products therefore lacking the ability to facilitate exchange.Market intermediaries:Every producer has to have a number of intermediaries for promoting, selling and distributing the goods and services to ultimate consumers. These intermediaries assist in breaking the chain of exchange and simplifying the distribution process. Thus the product reaches the consumer on time and also can large ca n cover a large geographical distance.Customers:They are the users of the products offered by the marketer.The ability to facilitate exchange by marketers to customers is affected be; * Population of the customers. * Customer willingness to buy. * Consumer disposable income. * Attitude towards the product. * Taste and preferences of the consumer etc.The customers may be classified: * Ultimate customers: these are customers may be individual and householders. * Industrial customers: organization which buy goods and services for producing other goods and services for the purpose of other earning profits or fulfilling other objectives. * Resellers: they are intermediaries who purchase goods with a view to resell them at a profit. They can be wholesalers, retailers, distributors, etc. * Government and other non-profit customers: these customers purchase goods and services to those for whom they are produced, for their consumption in most of the cases. * International customers: they are individual or organizations of other countries who buy goods and services either for consumption or for industrial use.Competitors:Competitors are those who sell the goods and services of the same and similar description, in the same market. Therefore, it is necessary to build an efficient system of marketing. This will bring confidence and better results.Public:Its the duty of the marketer to satisfy the people at large along with its competitors consumers. Here the public is defined as any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on a companys ability to achieve its objectives. * Macro environment: they act external to the company and are quite uncontrollable. These factors do not affect the marketing ability of the concern directly but indirectly the influence marketing decisions of the company.Demographic forces:Here the marketers are keenly interested in the size and growth rate of population in different regions, nations and cities; age distribution and eth nic mix; educational levels; households patterns; and regional characteristics and movements.Economic factors:It consists of macro-level factors related to means of production and distribution that have an impact on the business of an organization.Physical forces:These are the forces of the earths natural renewal and non-renewal resources. Both of these components quite often change the level and type of resources available to marketer for his production.Technological factors:It consists of factors related to knowledge applied, and the materials and machines used in the production of goods and services that have an impact on the business of an organization.Political and legal forces:A marketers decision cannot be taken without taking into account, the government agencies, political party in power and in opposition their ideologies, pressure groups, and laws of the land.Laws affect marketers ability to exchange i.e. pricing, product design, capacity and promotion.Social and cultural forces:This requires the marketer to take a lead in eliminating socially harmful products and produce only what is beneficial to the society.2. Discuss what branding is and why hospitality marketers brand their goods and services.Branding is the process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers mind, mainly through advertising campaigns, with consistent theme.Branding aims to establish a significant and differentiated presence in the market that attracts and retain loyal customers.Abrandis a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes an organization or product from its rivals in the eyes of the customer.Brands are used in HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business" \o "Business" business, HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing" \o "Marketing" marketing, and HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising" \o "Advertising" advertising.Name brandsare sometimes distinguished from generic or HYPERLINK " https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Store_brand" \o "Store brand" store brands.A brand is in essence a promise to its customers of they can expect from their products, as well as emotional benefits.Brandingis a set of HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing" \o "Marketing" marketingand communication methods that help to distinguish a HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company" \o "Company" companyor products from competitors, aiming to create a lasting impression in the minds of HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer" \o "Customer" customers.KEY COMPONENTS OF BRANDINGThe key components that form a brand's toolbox include: * a brands identity, * brand communication (such as by HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo" \o "Logo" logosand HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark" \o "Trademark" trademarks), * HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_awareness" \o "Brand awareness" brand awareness, * HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Brand_loyalty" \o "Brand loyalty" brand loyalty, and * various branding ( HYPERLINK "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_management" \o "Brand management" brand management) strategies.CONCEPTS IN BRANDINGEffective branding can result in higher sales of not only one product, but of other products associated with that brand.1. Brand names and trademarksA brand name is the part of a brand that can be spoken or written and&n...

Essay on War Poetry - 1503 Words

War Poetry War Poetry is written to express a writers feelings towards war in general. Some writers express total glorification of the war, while others convey the inanity of confrontation. One of the poems that I have studied The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred Tennyson is a poem that tells of a 19th century battle between the British and the Russians during the Crimean War in Russia. During this war, Great Britain, France, and Turkey were fighting against Russia. This battle was particularly disturbing because the lightly armored British, obviously misled, charges a line of heavily armed Russian artillery unit. The poem describes how many soldiers died due to a mistake made by†¦show more content†¦The use of the word flashed more than once makes it stand out in the poem. Repetition makes poetry more intense and captures the readers attention. Imagery is another important poetic device that Tennyson uses masterfully here. Stormed with shot and shell, shows the bravery of soldiers (stanza 3). This use of vivid vocabulary brings about the feeling of action. It also adds suspense by intrigiung the reader. When Tennyson writes, Plunged in the battery-smoke, he portraits the courage of the troops (stanza 5). The troops had to be brave to charge into the unknown. These men were willing to die without fear. Right thro the line they broke, shows the victory of the cavalry. Through courage and fearlessness, the soldiers succeeded in battle. The men were persistent and finally came through. Intense Imagery makes the readers mind dream and envision what is going on, and Tennyson uses it per fectly. Symbolism is an element of poetry where something may have more than meaning. For example, when Tennyson writes, Into the valley of death, it has two meanings (stanza 1). One meaning, is that the troops are going into a valley. The other meaning is that the troops are going into a battle for their lives. Another is example of symbolism is when Tennyson writes, Into the mouth of hell. The reader knows that the soldiers really are not going to hell. The soldiers are really going into aShow MoreRelatedWar Poetry952 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Assignment War Poetry A popular theme for poets in the last century was war. Many famous poems were written about the two world wars, as well as the Korean and Vietnam wars. For my report I have chosen six poems, three by Wilfred Owen and three by Australian poets. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth , ‘The Send Off and ‘Insensibility (1) were written by Owen during the first world war to express his anti-war attitude. ‘Beach Burial by Kenneth Slessor, ‘Homecoming by Bruce Dawe and ‘LetterRead MorePoetry and War1681 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Owen explore the themes of war through the power of his poetry? Written by: vdg How does Owen explore the themes of war through the power of his poetry? Answer Q Owen expresses the themes of war through the unique power of poetry. Both the mental and physical brutality of war is emphasised in the poems, â€Å"The Send off,† â€Å"Anthem for doomed youth† and â€Å"Spring Offensive,† furthering the responder’s understanding of a soldier’s life on the western front. Owen employs various poetic devicesRead MoreWilfred Owens War Poetry1219 Words   |  5 Pages700,000 lives had been lost during the First World War. However, this reality was long kept from the knowledge of the civilians at home, who continued to write about the noble pursuit of heroic ideals in old patriotic slogans (Anthology 2012: 2017). Those poets who were involved on the front soon realized the full horror of war, which is reflected in their poetic techniques, diction, and imaginations. Campbell (1999: 204) refers to their poetry as trench lyric, which not only calls attention to theRead MoreWorld War One Poetry Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War One Poetry For this assignment I am going to give a detailed consideration of poems from World War 1. I will be looking at poems by Wilfred Owen, Jessie Pope, Rupert Brooke and Siegfried Sassoon. I intend to study the language, imagery and poetic techniques of the poems. I am going to begin with some of the earlier war poetry. These poems were written to encourage young men to join the army. They are patriotic, jingoistic and unrealistic. These were writtenRead MoreWar Poems : War Poetry1443 Words   |  6 Pagesleaves a nation with a vein of guilt deep within the core of the country. War poetry immortalizes the death of these soldiers in an attempt to forget about the brutality of conflict and to remove the grief that comes from sending your nation’s sons and daughters into combat. War poetry immortalizes soldiers in an attempt to keep the nation moving forward, to gain closure, and to paint a heroic image of their fallen warriors. War poems immortalization of heroes helps the nation move forward by givingRead MoreWar poetry analysis1992 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Stage 2 English Communications – War Poetry War has an everlasting effect on the entire world, but the one group of people that have the worst experience are those that are on the frontline – the soldiers. They are often glorified and portrayed to be patriots for their country, which is frequently conveyed through poetry. I disagree with this view, and the following three poems written by past soldiers support my view on war. Siegfried Sassoon is a renowned World War 1 poet who was in service fromRead More Wilfred Owens Poetry and Pity of War Essay3690 Words   |  15 PagesWilfred Owens Poetry and Pity of War Through his poetry Wilfred Owen wished to convey, to the general public, the PITY of war. In a detailed examination of three poems, with references to others, show the different ways in which he achieved this Wilfred Owen was born in Oswestry, 18th March 1893. He was working in France when the war began, tutoring a prominent French family. When the war started he began serving in the Manchester Regiment at Milford Camp as a Lieutenant. He foughtRead MoreWar During The Twentieth Century War Poetry Essay2187 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout the twentieth century, many poets have written about war. They have protested against it, created propaganda in support, celebrated conflict, and questioned it. War in general tends to evoke emotion in everyone, whether it is pride in a country, grief of losing a loved one, fear of the unknown, or even happiness because of a victory. On page one of Philippa Lyon’s â€Å"Twentieth Century War Poetry†, she writes,â€Å"†¦much poetry has been written by individuals (both male and female) who were notRead MoreThe Aeneid By Virgil Is An Epic War Poetry1472 Words   |  6 PagesAeneid by Virgil is an epic war poetry written in the 19 B.C.E based on the Trojan War. The poem narrates a story of a Trojan who visited Italy where he came the Romans’ ancestor. In the context of the poem, gods have much quoted manipulating; plotting and working against humans they a bhor (Virgil Ferry, n.d.). Despite the god s cunning behaviors, their actions end up putting destiny back on its proper course. Gods, future, and fate are essential aspects of Greek epic poetry .in most Greek god’s stories;Read MoreWar Poetry Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes the poetry of war dispel the myths associated with the war propaganda of World War I? Throughout the early 1900’s the war propaganda that was published to entice young men to enlist and join the war gave them false ideas about the front line. Young men and boys were told that war was one big adventure and encouraged to go to the great war and become a hero. Young men were fooled into believing that dying for your country was sweet and honourable however three men who fought in the war and experienced

Essay about Hoarding Attempt of Affluence, Reality of...

William James, known as the â€Å"philosopher of America† (Kaila Kovailanen, 2011), had his own perspective on ownership. In 1918 he described acquisitiveness as â€Å"an instinct, something that is part of human nature, present at birth and with us throughout life. This instinct contributes to our sense of self. What is ‘me’ fuses with what is ‘mine,’ and our ‘self’ consists of what we possess† (Frost and Steketee, pp. 48). It seems that even this brilliant mind, who has been considered the father of American psychology, believed that collecting things is a part of human nature. In the western culture, society views the prominent and affluent people as those with large houses, fancy cars, and expensive things, yet those who take attainment†¦show more content†¦Hoarding has widely been considered as a type of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Although people have been compulsively hoarding for years, little has be en known about this abnormal behavior until recently. Until the 1990s, minimal research had been done (Steketee, 2010). In the most current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revised (DSM-IV-TR), published by the American Psychiatric Association, hoarding is not currently listed as a diagnosable mental disorder. Frost and Hristova (2011) state that because hoarding has been considered as a subtype of OCD, the recent research has lent to the proposition of hoarding being considered as its own separate disorder. It is currently under consideration to be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-V) as a separate diagnosable disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Frost Hristova, 2011). In a seminar, Frost and Steketee (2010) asked students about things they owned that they considered meaningful. One student said that her most prized possession was a shirt that was worn by Jerry Seinfeld. When asked if it would have meaning if she did not know if it had been worn by Jerry Seinfeld, she said no. The author then stated that it seemed the student was connecting with something bigger than herself through the item, and that it seemed it was not the object that she valued, but the connection it symbolized (p.

The Principle of Materiality of an Item of Financial Information

Question: Explain How Could At The Principle Of Materiality Of An Item Of Financial Information When Preparing Financial Reports? Answer: Introducation: Apple Inc. is a US based company which is involved in the business of designing, manufacturing and selling mobiles, personal computers and laptops, potable digital music players and also markets a variety of software, networking solutions, applications and accessories. Some of its popularFinancial products include iPhone, iPad, iPod, Apple TV and watch. The cash flow statement for the company for the year ending September, 2016 was analysed. There is a net decrease in aggregate cash and cash equivalents by $636 million. The summary of statement of cash flows is presented below: Opening cash balance $2,120 million Cash flows from operating activities $65,824 million Cash flows from investing activities ($45,977) million Cash flows from financing activities ($20,483) million Closing cash balance $20,484 Decrease in cash balance ($636) million (Apple, 2016) From the above table we see that the cash balance has decreased in 2016 due to cash used in investing and financing activities. The cash outflow in investing activities included purchase of marketable securities for $30 billion, net of sale of marketable securities, another $12.7 billion in acquisition of property, plant and equipment. The cash outflow of financing activities included cash spent to repurchase common stock amounting to $29.7 billion, also dividends were paid amounting to $12 billion, and a repayment of debt was made amounting to $2.5 billion. However, new debt was also taken for $25 billion. The investment in property, plant and equipment included expenditure in corporate facilities and infrastructure, product tooling and manufacturing equipment, improvement in retail store facilities, software and hardware, and data centres. These capital investments will reap benefits for the company in the future and hence is a sign of growth and development of the company. The company has increased the cash dividend for the shareholders by 10% from $0.52 to $0.57 per share. This is good news for the shareholders and the additional debt has been undertaken to pay for dividends and to pay for the commercial papers which matured in 2016. The company undertook a capital return program under which it repurchased its shares. The repurchase of shares increases the per share value of the companys shares which is in the interest of the shareholder. The company believes that its cash balance at the end of year 2016 will be sufficient to meet its working capital needs, its capital investment needs and other outstanding commitments over the period of one year. Thus from a financial perspective, it can be said that the company has a positive cash balance at the end of the year. Although the cash balance has decreased in 2016 as compared to 2015 by 30%, but the decrease is mainly on account of cash spent on investing in the companys assets which will help in growth and development of the business. Therefore, the company has a strong position as far as the cash balance is concerned and has good liquidity. Reference Apple Inc., (2016), Apple Inc., Form 10-K, United States Securities and Exchange Commission